Reposted on behalf of The Center for Democracy and Civic Life (CDCL)
CDCL in partnership with the Student Government Association and the Graduate Student Association, is coordinating UMBC’s campaign to encourage every member of our campus community to “cast your whole vote” in Election 2020. “Casting your whole vote” means committing fully to building strong, inclusive, just communities in which everyone can thrive, before, during, and after the election.
We hope you will participate in this campaign, which launches today, Tuesday, September 22nd (National Voter Registration Day), by doing the following:
register or check your registration and make a voting plan using the tools at ALL In to Vote;
take the ALL In to Vote pledge (and help put UMBC atop the national leaderboard), and share that you did (this is open to students, faculty, and staff);
plan to attend the programs featured on thisElection 2020 Events flyer(and RSVP where required);
spread the word to your UMBC networks using the resources in the UMBC Cast Your Whole Vote Toolkit; and
reshare the Toolkit with people at UMBC who may want to support the Cast Your Whole Vote campaign.
Spreading the word is especially important. Please use and share the Toolkit to help and encourage them to cast their whole votes.
]]>This post was written by Carlos Turcios ‘15, ‘17 M.A. Coordinator with Initiatives for Identity, Inclusion and Belonging (I3B). *Please note that some references are accessed through the AOK Library Databases and will ask you to be logged into your UMBC account.*
National Hispanic Heritage Month (HHM) has been recognized by the federal government and celebrated across the United States since 1968. Representing approximately 18.5% of the U.S. population, there are an estimated 61 million people who have ancestries connected to Latin American countries who reside in the United States (U.S. Census Bureau, 2020), including myself and a few folks on our I3B professional and student staff. This represents a significant increase from the 2000 Census, which registered the Hispanic population at 35.3 million or 13% of the total U.S. population. Many labels are used for our community with the most common umbrella terms being “Hispanic” and “Latina/e/o/x.” Hispanic/Latine/x Americans have been influential in every part of U.S. history, from day laborers, politics to the arts to businesses and innovation to the military. The U.S. Hispanic/Latine/x community have had a profound and positive influence on our country through their strong commitment to family, hard work, and service. They have enhanced and shaped our national character with centuries-old traditions that reflect the multiethnic and multicultural customs of their community.
So why does HHM start in the middle of September and end in Mid-October?
HHM is celebrated annually from September 15th through October 15th to honor the history, culture, and contributions of Americans whose ancestry can be traced to over 20 countries and 14 dependent territories in Latin America, including Mexico, the Caribbean, and Central and South America. The start of this cultural month, September 15th, is significant, as the majority of Latin American countries celebrate their independence from Spain throughout the second half of September through early October (i.e. Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, and Nicaragua).Mexico, Chile, and Belize also celebrate their independence days during this period and Columbus Day (Día de la Raza) is October 12 (Rachum, 2004*).
So should I use Hispanic? Latina/o? Spanish? What’s the difference and why does it matter?
The term Hispanic, refers to the racially and ethnically group of folkswho are from Hispanophone (i.e. Spanish speaking) countries that were historically colonized by Spain. This term is inclusive to those who are also from Spanish origin. The term Latina/o however excludes Spain, but includes non-Spanish speaking Latin American countries such as Belize, Brazil, Guyana, and Haiti. Please note that even if folks may have ethnic roots from Latin America, they may identify as both, either, or neither Hispanic and/or Latina/o. We encourage you to check out how the term Hispanic has been reclaimed and its impacts on the Brown Power Movement, as well as our upcoming [Free]dom Friday (details below). What our community chooses to identify as is connected to the complex history of how the terms Hispanic and Latina/o came to be. Those who reject both Hispanic or Latina/o may identify with their national origin instead (i.e. Chicana/o/x, Salvadoran, Chilean, Domincan). Others may identify more closely to their racial identity (i.e. Indigenous, Afro-Latinx).
Spanish on the other hand, only applies to those who are Spaniard or have a direct lineage to Spain. If those do not apply, PLEASE do not use the word “Spanish” to identify Hispanic/Latina/e/o/x folks. Also note that although Hispanic and Latine/x have been racialized in the U.S., they are ethnic, NOT racial identities.
Latinx? Where does this term fit in? The debate on gender and gender inclusivity.
Originating in the mid-2000’s, the term Latinx (pronounced La-tee-nex) came out of the limitations of the term Latino. As a binary gendered language, Spanish only has a masculine and feminine version for all nouns. Every noun whether it being an inanimate object, an animal, or person all have a “gender” regardless of the individual’s sex. However, this comes into conflict for those who do not identify within the gender binary.
Additional critiques of the word “Latino” exist, including the patriarchal nature of the language. Specifically, the default plural in Spanish is masculine, regardless of the gender distribution of the group. For example, if you referred to our entire I3B professional and student team of seven folks, the plural would still default to masculine even though I am the only member who identifies as a man. Latinx serves as a way to deprioritize masculinity.
So, what about Latine?
As gender-inclusivity becomes increasingly global, variations of gender inclusive identifiers (i.e. Latine pronounced La-tee-neh) have popped up in Spanish speaking countries. Unlike “x,” “e” can be used to fit the grammatical structure of Spanish much more easily that facilitates its use for Hispanophones. There is no right or wrong between Latinx and Latine, just know that regional variants exist and are a product of their creators and who identify within the community.
Which term should I use?
From an inclusive standpoint, the terms “Hispanic” and “Latin(e/x)” would be best for general communication when referring to a large group. They are both umbrella terms that are gender inclusive. However, this could look different when you are addressing individuals. Understand that Pan-ethnic labels are clunky and some people do not “fit in” perfectly (Pew Research Center, 2020). What a person chooses to label themselves can be affected by their race, ethnicity, birth place, dominant language or generational group. These factors make it messy but I encourage you to learn about our vastly diverse community. Finally, we invite you to share this with your friends, colleagues, professors, and networks across campus. When in doubt, just ask!
I3B Hispanic/Latine/x Centered Events
Below is a list of our Fall 2020 events that are either Hispanic/Latine/x centered or will have some focus on the Hispanic/Latine/x community. Questions? Contact i3b@umbc.edu.
[Free]dom Fridays: The Brown Power Movement and Liberation
The Brown Power Movement and the Continued Struggle for Immigrant Rights
Friday, September 18, 2020 | 2:30 - 4:00 p.m. | Online via Blackboard Collaborate
myUMBC Event Post: Link | BlackBoard Collaborate Session: Link
PAWTalks: Janel Martinez: “Ain't I Latina?”Deconstructing Anti-Blackness in the Latine/x Community
Wednesday, October 14, 2020 | 5:30 - 7:00 p.m. | Online via Blackboard Collaborate
myUMBC Event Post: Link | BlackBoard Collaborate Session: Link
Retriever Immigrants United 2.0 Welcome**
A check-in conversation on your needs!
Thursday, October 15, 2020 | 12:00 -1:15 p.m. | Online via Blackboard Collaborate
myUMBC Event Post: Link | BlackBoard Collaborate Session: Link
Pawsitive Bodies & Minds: COVID-19's Assault on Black & Brown Bodies
A Presentation on Race and COVID-19
Tuesday, December 1, 2020 | 4:00 - 5:30 p.m. | Online via Blackboard Collaborate
myUMBC Event Post: Link | BlackBoard Collaborate Session: Link
Retriever Immigrants United: Heritage, Family, and Culture**
A discussion on our culture and most meaningful relationships
Tuesday, December, 15, 2020 | 12:00 - 1:15 p.m. | Online via Blackboard Collaborate
myUMBC Event Post: Link | BlackBoard Collaborate Session: Link
Latine/x-Centered Orgs
We encourage community members to follow these groups on myUMBC or Social Media!
Undergraduate Student Orgs
Hispanic Latinx Student Union (HLSU) | IG: @umbc_hlsu
Lambda Theta Alpha Latin Sorority, Inc. (LTA) | IG: @lta_betakappa
Society for Advancement of Chicanos/Hispanics and Native Americans in Science at UMBC (SACNAS) | IG: @umbcsacnas
Society of Hispanic Professional Engineers (SHPE) | IG: @shpeumbc
Alumni
Faculty
Latino/Hispanic Faculty Association (LHFA)
Staff/Graduate Students
*No Hispanic/Latine/x specific organizations currently active for staff or graduate students*
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In coordination with the First-Generation Workgroup, Off-Campus Student Services is incredibly excited to announce the First-Generation Peer Mentoring Program (FGPMP).
FGPMP is designed to support the success of current first-time and full-time first-generation students at UMBC. Students that take part in this program can expect to meet other first-generation students and become a part of a large, supportive community that works to share resources, find lasting friendships and connections, and create an impactful college experience.
Participants of the FGPMP will also have the opportunity to take part in a series of activities and workshops designed to enrich students both personally and professionally.
Some additional benefits of taking part in the FGPMP include:
Developing transferable and marketable skills to enhance professional experience
Cultivation of leadership, self-management, and organizational skills
Improved communication and interpersonal skills
Greater self-efficacy and self-awareness
An increased network of support
Expanding your resume
If you would like to be a part of the FGPMP, please click here to fill out the application. The application deadline is Tuesday, September 15, 2020 at 5:00 PM.
If you have any questions, please contact Dr. M. Antonio Silas at silas@umbc.edu. Thank you and we look forward to connecting with you!
Happy First Day of Classes UMBC!
Today is August 27th, 2020 and we celebrate our first day of classes at UMBC. The Initiatives for Identity, Inclusion, and Belonging (I3B) would like to take this moment to welcome all of our new students, faculty and staff and say welcome back to those of us that are returning to this new and virtual environment.
This year has indeed presented us with many challenges. As global citizens, we have all experienced numerous and tremendous losses. Many of us are still processing complex emotions mixed with the anxiety and fears of not knowing exactly what is to come.
Even in the most difficult of moments, there is still so much to celebrate. UMBC is quite literally a community of people from all walks of life with varied experiences and interests. We are a growing community of students, faculty, staff, administrators, instructors, scientists, activists, carpenters, economists, advocates, researchers, athletes, mathematicians, artists, musicians, electricians, community organizers, techies, archivists, curators, veterans, counselors, maintenance staff, engineers, gamers, public safety officers, cooks, servers, managers, educators, librarians, magicians (yes, magicians), healthcare practitioners, cashiers, entertainers, lawyers, and so much more.
We know that this is not the first day that any of us imagined. We know that (in this very moment) there are more things that are wrong with 2020, than are right. We recognize that we are all juggling complex emotions and very difficult realities. However, if there is anything you get from this message, it's that we are ALL in this together. You are not alone in this. We hear you. We see you. We welcome you.
Happy First Day of Classes Retrievers!
Cross-promotion from this original event link.
UMBC students, faculty, staff, and alumni: Join a conversation about voting rights and the political empowerment of women, recognizing that this year is the 100th anniversary of the ratification of the 19th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution but there is much work left to do.
Meet local leaders and learn about their work, aspirations, and challenges, and how you can get involved. You will have the opportunity to hear from several change makers and spend time in small groups interacting with them and other participants.
Among the change makers will be:
Katie Allston, Executive Director, Marian House
Candace Dodson-Reed, ‘96, Chief of Staff, UMBC
Caitlyn Leiter-Mason, ‘14, Analyst, U.S. Government Accountability Office
Jheanelle Wilkins, Maryland State Delegate
Space is limited. Click here to RSVP.
Because we cannot meet in person, this is a bring-your-own dinner event.
This event is hosted by the University of Maryland, Baltimore County (UMBC) Center for Democracy and Civic Life in partnership with UMBC’s Women’s Center and Initiatives for Identity, Inclusion, and Belonging, and will take place on September 9th from 6-8pm.
]]>Written by Sofia Encarnacion, ‘22 Mosaic Student Diversity and Inclusion Peer.
My parents, siblings, and I do not practice any religion, but my parents still had us go to church for the first few years of my life. When I got older, my dad explained his reasoning for attending as a way to “understand American culture.” It was a Presbyterian church, and I didn’t have any friends there. Later, when we stopped going, my eight-year-old self was just relieved I didn’t have to wake up so early. All my friends at school were some denomination of Protestant and they didn’t care that I wasn’t. In sixth grade, a classmate told me I was going to Hell for not believing in God, but that was it. Overall, religion wasn’t a huge part of my socialization or upbringing. However, I was grateful that I knew the more well-known stories in the Bible, as there were plenty of references to them in pop culture and English class.
My relationship with Christianity always felt conflicting. When I was ten, I saw a man on the news imply that the 2010 Haitian earthquake was deserved because they “made a pact with the devil.” That was my first distinct interaction of people using their faith as an excuse for hatred. Despite this, I knew my Christian friends were good people. I was now an outsider of this type of faith, and my interactions with my peers were stronger influences than some random televangelist or the anti-LGBTQ+ Christians I’d see on TV. However, I noticed I was still putting up walls around myself from embracing organized religion.
As I got older, I knew there were other religions, but I guess I never thought about them until I befriended a Muslim girl on my bus. Sixth graders can be very ignorant. Our bus ride was almost an hour long so we’d spend a lot of time talking. As soon as she told us the purpose of her hijab, all the girls were very protective whenever she’d occasionally duck down in the bus seat to fix it. Some boys would try to peek at her, and the girls would shove them away. We definitely asked dumb questions, such as “Don’t you get hot wearing it?” Thankfully, she was really patient with us.
Fast forward to high school, I attend a student-run TEDx event. My favorite talk was called “Yes, I Do Shower In It” by a hijabi girl. She talked about the meaning behind her hijab, and her experiences with anti-Muslim sentiment after 9/11. The talk stuck with me so much that I shared it with friends from my hometown. My reaction—besides admiration for this 16-year old’s wit and humor—was that I am very oblivious to how religion impacts people’s everyday lives.
When I entered UMBC, the prominence of religious beliefs were a major culture shock to me. Involvement Fest has dozens of religious organizations, over 40 in fact, and they were all pretty active. When I joined the student staff for Mosaic one of my coworkers often expressed his dedication to God. As for the hijabi girl who gave the TEDx talk back from high school, I ended up working with her as well in The Mosaic and we ended up becoming close friends. When I lived on campus, the girl I roomed with was a Quaker and I was able to learn about Quaker values and customs. She told me their meeting house was welcoming of all faiths, even atheists. As a result of her openness, I put down my walls around organized religion and felt a lot more comfortable. The process involved a lot of listening, Googling, and conversations with my peers. I couldn’t just admit I was ignorant, I had to make a conscious effort to continue educating myself and checking my implicit biases.
I do not deny that religion and spiritual beliefs can and have sometimes been used to oppress and exclude others. However, there is an evident sense of camaraderie in each of these religious organizations. From my experiences, each group encouraged community service. And the purpose of this volunteering wasn’t for a high school graduation requirement like much of the volunteering I had seen in my youth: it was solely for helping others less fortunate. I saw how faith was also a source of solace when tragedies struck their community. Especially now, religion offers hope when almost everything feels hopeless.
P.S.: The hijabi girl (her name is Tirzah Khan, she’s now one of my best friends) started a TEDx student org: TEDxUMBC. Check us out and follow our IG @tedxumbc.
I also encourage you all to check out our Interfaith Dialogue series session on October 27, 2020 where we will discuss the relationship between religious organizations and social change.
*UPDATE: Check out some updates to our programs by going to this link.
Hello i3b community members,
As we approach this upcoming Fall semester, we look forward to welcoming you back to our virtual campus. We are excited to announce our Fall and Winter 2020 events calendar! Please see below for direct links on all the opportunities open to students, staff, faculty and alumni. If you miss any events, recordings, attendee list, and materials will be available in this Google Drive within one business week of the event unless otherwise specified**.
Questions or accessibility concerns? Please do not hesitate to reach out to our staff at mosaic@umbc.edu, interfaith@umbc.edu and/or at lgbtq@umbc.edu. For questions related to our Interact Program, please contact Ciara Christian at cichris1@umbc.edu.
-The Mosaic, Interfaith, and Pride Centers staff
____________________________________________________________________AUGUST
Where My People At? Multicultural Engagement: A virtual Mosaic open house for new students
Tuesday, August 18, 2020 | 3:00 - 4:15 p.m. | Online via Blackboard Collaborate
myUMBC Event Post: Link | BlackBoard Collaborate Session: Link
Primary Contact: Carlos Turcios | carlos6@umbc.edu
The Mosaic, Interfaith, and Pride Centers Virtual Open House: Check Out What We Have in Store in Our BRAND NEW Department!
Monday, August 24, 2020 | 4:30 - 6:00 p.m. | Online via Blackboard Collaborate
myUMBC Event Post: Link | BlackBoard Collaborate Session: Link
Primary Contact: Lisa Gray |lisamgray@umbc.edu
SEPTEMBER
The Interact Dialogues Program Kick-Off (Session I)
Learn more about this cohort style program!
Wednesday, September 2, 2020 | noon - 1 p.m.| Online via Blackboard Collaborate
myUMBC Event Post: Link | BlackBoard Collaborate Session: Link
The Interact Dialogues Program Kick-Off (Session II)
Learn more about this cohort style program!
Wednesday, September 2, 2020 | 5:30 - 6:30 p.m. | Online via Blackboard Collaborate
myUMBC Event Post: Link | BlackBoard Collaborate Session: Link
[Re] Fresh Friday: Processing Our Collective Grief: How to deal when everything is different
Friday, September 4, 2020 | 2:30 - 4:00pm | Online via Blackboard Collaborate
myUMBC Event Post: Link | Blackboard Collaborate Session: Link
Primary Contact: Heidy George | hmg@umbc.edu
I.D.E.A.L. Student Facilitator Cohort Info Session
Learn about a BRAND NEW program to be a part of new change at UMBC!
Wednesday, September 9, 2020 | 10 - 11:30 a.m. | Online via Blackboard Collaborate
myUMBC Event Post: Link | BlackBoard Collaborate Session: Link
Mundo Lingo: COVID-19 International: The global response to the Coronavirus
Wednesday, September 16, 2020 | 4:00 - 5:30pm | Online via Blackboard Collaborate
myUMBC Event Post: Link | Blackboard Collaborate Session: Link
Primary Contact: Heidy George | hmg@umbc.edu
[Free]dom Fridays: The Brown Power Movement and Liberation: The Brown Power Movement and the Continued Struggle for Immigrant Rights
Friday, September 18, 2020 | 2:30 - 4:00 p.m. | Online via Blackboard Collaborate
myUMBC Event Post: Link | BlackBoard Collaborate Session: Link
Primary Contact: Carlos Turcios | carlos6@umbc.edu
OCTOBER
[Re]fresh Fridays: Healing from Difficult Dialogues: Coping with the aftermath of a challenging discussion
Friday, October 2, 2020 | 2:30 - 4:00 p.m. | Online via Blackboard Collaborate
myUMBC Event Post: Link | BlackBoard Collaborate Session: Link
Primary Contact: Carlos Turcios | carlos6@umbc.edu
PAWTalks: Janel Martinez: Ain't I Latina?: Deconstructing Anti-Blackness in the Latine/x Community
Wednesday, October 7, 2020 | 5:30 - 7:00 p.m. | Online via Blackboard Collaborate
myUMBC Event Post: Link | BlackBoard Collaborate Session: Link
Primary Contact: Carlos Turcios | carlos6@umbc.edu
National Coming Out Day Celebration: Celebrating our LGBTQ+ Journeys
Thursday, October 8, 2020 | 12:00 - 1:00 p.m. | Online via Blackboard Collaborate
myUMBC Event Post: Link | BlackBoard Collaborate Session: Link
Primary Contact: Carlos Turcios | carlos6@umbc.edu
Retriever Immigrants United 2.0 Welcome**: A check-in conversation on your needs!
Thursday, October 15, 2020 | 12:00 -1:15 p.m. | Online via Blackboard Collaborate
myUMBC Event Post: Link | BlackBoard Collaborate Session: Link
Primary Contact: Carlos Turcios | carlos6@umbc.edu
[Free]dom Fridays: The Yellow Power Movement: Exploring Asian-American movements for liberation & freedom
Friday, October 16, 2020 | 2:30 - 4:00 p.m. | Online via Blackboard Collaborate
myUMBC Event Post: Link | BlackBoard Collaborate Session: Link
Primary Contact: Erin Waddles | waddles@umbc.edu
Where My People At? Community Lounge Space
Wednesday, October 21, 2020 | 12:00 – 1:00pm
myUMBC Event Post: Link | Webex Events: LinkInterfaith Dialogues: Religion & Social Change: The historical and current role of religion in social change
Tuesday, October 27, 2020 | 4:00 - 5:30 p.m. | Online via Blackboard Collaborate
myUMBC Event Post: Link | BlackBoard Collaborate Session: Link
Primary Contact: Erin Waddles | waddles@umbc.edu
NOVEMBER
[Cancelled]Bagels and Banter: Election Day Results: Now What?: Looking at what's to come for the next four years
Wednesday, November 4, 2020 | 11:00am - 1:00 p.m. | Online via Blackboard Collaborate
myUMBC Event Post: Link | BlackBoard Collaborate Session: Link
Primary Contact: Carlos Turcios | carlos6@umbc.edu
[Re]Fresh Fridays: Caring for Our Bodies: A self-celebration of our bodies
Friday, November 6, 2020 | 2:30 - 4:00 p.m. | Online via Blackboard Collaborate
myUMBC Event Post: Link | BlackBoard Collaborate Session: Link
Primary Contact: Erin Waddles | waddles@umbc.edu
[Cancelled] Bagels & Banter: Public Safety Re-Imagined: Deconstructing "Defund the Police" and "8 Can't Wait"
Tuesday, November 10, 2020 | 10:00 - 11:30 a.m. | Online via Blackboard Collaborate
myUMBC Event Post: Link | BlackBoard Collaborate Session: Link
Primary Contact: Erin Waddles | waddles@umbc.edu
What’s the Tea? : Who is “Karen”?: More than Just a Meme
Wednesday, November 18, 2020 | 4:00 - 5:30 p.m. | Online via Blackboard Collaborate
myUMBC Event Post: Link | BlackBoard Collaborate Session: Link
Primary Contact: Carlos Turcios | carlos6@umbc.edu
[Free]dom Fridays: The Red Power Movement: A discussion & celebration of Indigenous rights movements
Friday, November 20, 2020 | 2:30 - 4:00 p.m. | Online via Blackboard Collaborate
myUMBC Event Post: Link | BlackBoard Collaborate Session: Link
Primary Contact: Erin Waddles | waddles@umbc.edu
Where My People At? Holiday Themed Discussion
Wednesday, November 25, 2020 | 12:00 – 1:00pm
myUMBC Event Post: Link |Webex Event: Link
DECEMBER
[Cancelled] Pawsitive Bodies & Minds: COVID-19's Assault on Black & Brown Bodies: A Presentation on Race and COVID-19
Tuesday, December 1, 2020 | 4:00 - 5:30 p.m. | Online via Blackboard Collaborate
myUMBC Event Post: Link | BlackBoard Collaborate Session: Link
Primary Contact: Carlos Turcios | carlos6@umbc.edu
How to Be a Better Ally: The Unemployed and SES Crisis: Look at what’s to come in 2021
Wednesday, December 2, 2020 | 4:00 - 5:30 p.m. | Online via Blackboard Collaborate
myUMBC Event Post: Link | BlackBoard Collaborate Session: Link
Primary Contact: Erin Waddles | waddles@umbc.edu
Clear Mind, Calm Heart: You made it through 2020!: A holding space to process 2020
Wednesday, December 9, 2020 | 1:00 - 2:30 p.m. | Online via Blackboard Collaborate
myUMBC Event Post: Link | BlackBoard Collaborate Session: Link
Primary Contact: Erin Waddles | waddles@umbc.edu
Retriever Immigrants United: Heritage, Family, and Culture**: A discussion on our culture and most meaningful relationships
Tuesday, December, 15, 2020 | 12:00 - 1:15 p.m. | Online via Blackboard Collaborate
myUMBC Event Post: Link | BlackBoard Collaborate Session: Link
Primary Contact: Carlos Turcios | carlos6@umbc.edu
JANUARY
[Free]dom Fridays: Beyond MLK: Celebrating Obscured Black Power & Civil Rights Leaders
Friday, January 15, 2021 | 2:30 - 4:00 p.m. | Online via Blackboard Collaborate
myUMBC Event Post: Link | BlackBoard Collaborate Session: Link
Primary Contact: Erin Waddles | waddles@umbc.edu
Where My People At? Identity-Based Engagement at UMBC
A virtual departmental open house for new students
[Postponed] SafeZone LGBTQ+ Allyship Workshop: Lite Edition: An Abbreviated LGBTQ+ 101 Workshop
Friday, January 22, 2021 | 1:00 - 3:00 p.m. | Online via Blackboard Collaborate
myUMBC Event Post: Link | BlackBoard Collaborate Session: Link
**No recording will be available for confidentiality purposes.
Spring & Summer 2021 Calendar (Link forthcoming)