Despite limitations, the Firefox OS-running ZTE Open shows promise for low-cost smartphones.

While the word “smartphone” usually evokes images of pricey iPhones and Android handsets, plenty of inexpensive smartphones are also hitting the market—ripe for the millions of cell phone owners who want a smartphone, but can’t (or don’t want to) pay hundreds of dollars for one.

What must you have to be beautiful?

Ask any of the young women who belong to internet “thinspo” communities and they will tell you two words: thigh gaps.

Thigh gaps have become the most recent obsession of these young women because of their supposed indication of thinness.  The concept is that when the feet touch, a visible gap should be seen between the upper thighs.

So what’s the problem? Isn’t this a sign of slender and; subsequently, healthy legs?

Doctors say otherwise. Having a thigh gap is only a result of two things: having a genetically predisposed structure of wide set hips and pelvis or  being so extensively malnourished that the muscles on the thigh waste away leaving a gap.

This internet obsession that has plagued the pages of Tumblr, Instagram, and Pinterest raises alarm for those in the medical community.

“The issue of focusing on a particular body part is very common, what is new is these things have taken on a life of their own because of the Internet and social media.” –

Claire Mysko from the National Eating Disorder Association.

These “thinspo” communities share pictures of emaciated women as “thinspiration.”

This distorted sense of beauty is becoming more accessible and widespread due to social media. Thankfully, public figures such as plus-size model Robyn Lawley have started to advocate against the glorification of thigh gaps and instead are emphasizing having healthy, strong bodies.  

We’re hoping more will follow their lead and help thinspiration reach its expiration.

In WordPress, AJAX requests go through wp-admin/admin-ajax.php. Despite the name, you don't have to have administrator privileges to use it. Rob Gravelle describes how to add our JavaScript files to the page in such a way that we can reference the path to admin-ajax.php on the server.

Center for Information Security and Assurance
University of Maryland, Baltimore County

Cloud Forensics and its Many Challenges

Ken Zatyko

Assured Information Security, Inc.

12-1pm, Friday 1 November 2013, ITE 229, UMBC

In this presentation, we present a challenge question for today’s cyber experts, cyber scientists, and cyber analysts. Does Locard’s Exchange Principle apply in digital forensics? The dramatic increase in cybercrime and the repeated cyber intrusions into critical infrastructure demonstrate the need for improved security. The Executive Office of the President noted on May 12, 2011 “cyber threat is one of the most serious economic and national security challenges we face as a nation.” We believe addressing whether or not Locard’s Exchange Principle applies to digital forensics is a fundamental question that can guide or limit the scientific search for digital evidence.

Locard’s Exchange Principle is often stated in forensics publications “every contact leaves a trace…” Essentially Locard’s Exchange Principle is applied to crime scenes in which the perpetrator(s) of a crime comes into contact with the scene. The perpetrator(s) will both bring something into the scene, and leave with something from the scene. In the cyber world, the perpetrator may or may not come in physical contact with the crime scene, thus, this brings a new facet to crime scene analysis. According to the World of Forensic Science, Locard’s publications make no mention of an “exchange principle,” although he did make the observation “Il est impossible au malfaiteur d’agir avec l’intensité que suppose l’action criminelle sans laisser des traces de son passage.” (It is impossible for a criminal to act, especially considering the intensity of a crime, without leaving traces of this presence.)

The term “principle of exchange” first appears in Police and Crime-Detection, in 1940, and was adapted from Locard’s observations. The field of digital forensics can be strictly defined as “the application of computer science and investigative procedures for a legal purpose involving the analysis of digital evidence after proper search authority, chain of custody, validation with mathematics, use of validated tools, repeatability, reporting, and possible expert presentation. (Zatyko, 2007).” Furthermore, digital evidence is defined as information stored or transmitted in binary form that may be relied on in court. (National Institute of Justice, 2004). However, digital forensics tools and techniques have also been used by cyber analysts and researchers to conduct media analysis, compile damage assessments, build timelines, and determine attribution. According to the Department of Defense Cyber Crime Center’s training program, cyber analysts require knowledge on how network intrusions occur, how various logs are created, what is electronic evidence, how electronic artifacts are forensically gathered, and the ability to analyze data to produce comprehensive reports and link analysis charts.

Our hypothesis is that Locard’s Exchange Principle does apply to cyber crimes involving computer networks such as identity theft, electronic bank fraud, or denial of service attacks, even if the perpetrator does not need to physically come in contact with the crime scene. Although the perpetrator may make virtual contact with the crime scene through the use of a proxy machine, we believe he will still “leave a trace” and digital evidence will exist. This presentation will explore with audience input “where in the cloud is digital evidence found” and new ways it can lead to attribution. It will explore what new standards and techniques are needed to find these digital traces. Read ahead information can be found at here.

Ken Zatyko was previously the Director of the Department of Defense Computer Forensics Laboratory where he led the largest accredited, internationally recognized, leading-edge computer forensics laboratory located in Maryland. For several months, Mr. Zatyko has been working with NIST on a working group to further standards and technology to solve cloud forensics challenges. Mr. Zatyko is currently the Vice President of Maryland Operations with Assured Information Security.

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