ENEE MS Thesis Defense

Graph-Theoretical Analysis using Data-Driven Features:
Application to Rehabilitation After Stroke

Jonathan Laney

1:30pm Friday, 3 April 2015, ITE 346, UMBC

The assessment of neuroplasticity after stroke through functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) analysis is a developing field where the objective is to better understand the neural process of recovery and to better target rehabilitation interventions. In this study, the connectivity structure of the stroke-affected brain is analyzed before and after a rehabilitation intervention. The challenge associated with our fMRI data stems from the large amount of individual spatial variability exhibited by the dataset and the need to summarize entire brain maps by generating simple, yet discriminating features, to highlight differences in patients’ functional connectivity. The comparison of algorithms in terms of their ability to capture spatial variability for each subject is not straightforward due to the lack of a ground truth for real fMRI data.

We provide a graph-theoretical (GT) framework to effectively make such a comparison for real data. We investigate and discuss the important role of order selection for data that exhibits large amounts of subject variability. Furthermore, we demonstrate that Independent vector analysis (IVA) provides superior performance in preserving subject variability when compared with widely used methods such as group independent component analysis. We pair IVA with GT analysis to produce discriminative features, which highlight neuroplastic changes between the groups before and after intervention. Resulting GT features are shown to capture connectivity changes that are not evident through direct comparison of the group t-maps, i.e., brain maps obtained by a t-test taken across subjects’ spatial brain maps. Additionally, we compare the responders to the intervention with the non-responders and demonstrate that their relative improvements, as shown through our fMRI analysis, correspond to clinical findings. In this study, increased small worldness across components and greater centrality in key motor networks are demonstrated as a result of the intervention, suggesting improved efficiency in neural communication. Clinically, these results bring forth new possibilities as a means to observe the neural processes underlying improvements in motor function.

Committee: Drs. Tulay Adali (Chair), Joel Morris, Chuck LaBerge, Kelly Westlake and Charles Cavalcante

Transition will solve parking problems once and for all, but introduce new problems

In a surprise move, UMBC is joining the ranks of the nation’s top online universities in order to provide a competitive education, at a distance.

UMBC spokesperson Dana “Da Beast” Jones announced on Monday that all school programs will be transitioning to digital platforms as soon as the summer 2015 session begins.

“UMBC has long been an up and coming leader in the field of student education. By implementing tested and infallible technology, we expect to improve student outcomes across the board. Or should I say Blackboard. HAHAHA,” said Jones.

The change is expected to bring numerous benefits, including enhanced virtual learning, enhanced virtual communication and enhanced virtual procrastination.

As part of the plan, half of all classroom facilities will be converted into Mountain Dew repositories in order to fuel students’ virtual academic pursuits.

“Research has consistently shown that high doses of Mountain Dew, in conjunction with prolonged LED exposure, increases student performance in virtual settings,” said Jones.

“I’m actually OK with that part,” said Lenore Simone, a student majoring in computer science and medieval literature.

The remaining facilities, including parking lots and athletic fields, will be repurposed into virtual-roaming-learning-spaces. Students who prefer in-class education will be able to rent motion-sensitive virtual reality technology in order to simulate the experience of going to class.

Student athletes are understandably concerned over the changes, but Jones was quick to reassure.

“We are sensitive to all student needs, especially those of our athletes,” she said. “To this end, the upper fitness studio will be completely dedicated to club sports on Wednesday evenings and every other Friday morning. Varsity sports will have the entirety of the RAC weight room available as a practice space. Of course, both groups will be to be conscientious of our roaming learning-students and server hardware.”

Jones also pointed out that with the change the administrative branch of the university will be able to administrate, virtually.

“All existing paper records will be moved to the box,” said Jones.

When asked about the limitations of cloud technology, Jones look briefly puzzled.

“Oh! No, not ‘Box.’ The box. It’s what we call the construction dumpster by Fine Arts where we toss transfer student records and old hiring information,” said Jones with a chuckle.

According to beta testers, the change has not been painless. Some students, such as freshmen medieval artillery major Meg Winny, have experienced trouble finding an open server.

“This is ridiculous. I log on an hour before my class starts and I still can’t find one,” said Winny.

Other students have run into problems with the roaming learning spaces.

“We have had a few students wander up the ramp to I-195. In one case, the resulting accident almost completely destroyed the VR headset,” said Tim Hanson, director of the new program. “Luckily the headset was salvageable.”

Jones also reassured concerns about the cumulative effects of these changes. “It’ll probably be OK,” she said. “I mean, prospective students certainly have nothing to fear from the transition.”

Further questioning was interrupted when a virtual-roaming-learning student stumbled onto the stage and knocked over the podium.

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A new art piece was erected in front of the PAHB over the weekend

New penis-shaped sculptures were erected in front of the Performing Arts and Humanities Building last weekend. UMBC students came out in support of the artistic endeavor.

Standing tall at the top of UMBC’s campus, the Performing Arts and Humanities Building underwent exciting changes last weekend. The archways that once welcomed students into the building were replaced with phallic sculptures of the same height. A team of five men erected the new art installation in only four hours.

The sudden change came about after an outcry from students for art pieces that were relevant to their own experiences. Dozens of artists applied for the position, but it was local artist and UMBC alumnus Pax Babcock who rose to the challenge.

Babcock’s 15 thousand price tag came from funds that were originally earmarked for repairs in the RAC. College officials are optimistic that they will see a better return on their investment. Allistair Johnson, who is in charge of community outreach at UMBC, has high hopes for the future of the statues.

“These sculptures give the campus a fresh, new look. They have already stimulated conversations in the community, and increased student engagement,” Johnson said, patting one of the statues, “They will be a draw for people to come to UMBC.”

An unveiling ceremony was held on Sunday. The statues, lined up like soldiers, were covered in drop cloths for the big reveal. The event saw a great turnout, with seven students in attendance. The crowd was treated to live jazz and free hot dogs. Excitement grew as attendees waited to see the new face of the PAHB.

“My sculptures were made to represent UMBC,” Babcock said, standing in the shadow of his masterpieces. “Like the statues, the student body here stands firm as a community.”

After his rousing speech, Babcock had the honor of pulling off the first drop cloth. The emergence of the colossal phali drew enthusiastic applause from the crowd. A few eager students shouted “yes” at the reveal. Overall, the reception was warm.

Dick Reynolds, a junior English major, passes by the statues regularly on his way to class. He agreed that the new sculptures were a boon to the university.

“They are definitely an improvement,” Reynolds stated as he snacked on peanuts. “I think a lot of people get it.”

More than just an attractive form, the statues offer functionality as well. The base of each granite penis is outfitted with charging stations. Anyone who is out of juice can take a break and recharge their laptop or cell phone while enjoying the new artwork al fresco.

Not every student was enthusiastic about the new installment, however. Anna Dickinson, a sophomore general studies major, took personal offense at the art piece.

“The new sculptures are downright offensive,” Dickinson argued, gesturing toward the phalli. “It’s like they didn’t even take women into consideration. Where are the yonic statues?”

Even in the face of criticism, the statues aren’t going anywhere. In their short time, they have made a positive impact on UMBC. Reynolds, who loved the pieces, only had one, small critique.

“I thought they’d be bigger,” he said.

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Chick-fil-A closing, not just on Sunday

A healthy lifestyle clause leads to an unexpected closing of the popular food chain, Chick-fil-A. Students share mixed feelings for the replacement.

Have you heard there won’t be any more spicy chicken sandwiches or waffle fries? You will no longer be dousing those chicken nuggets in the infamous Chick-fil-A sauce. By this June, this nightmare will become a reality.

Last week, UMBC administration conducted a meeting in order to pass a new “eat clean” clause. Their ultimate goal is to reinvent the campus by selling only organic and natural meals, as well as pressed juices. Simply combining healthy options with the original eateries wont be enough. Drastic measures need to be taken, starting with the popular chain.

“I saw the closing sign on the entrance doors, but just assumed it was a renovation,” said Jordan Hines, a freshman math major.

At the meeting, members of the administration board agreed that Chick-fil-A is not a sufficiently healthy option. With the food being cooked in peanut oil, it isn’t fair for the students who have peanut allergies.

On June 1, reconstruction of the University Center will begin. The Starbucks will be moved outside on a food-cart type of contraption, while the inside gets a complete makeover.

The new eatery is predicted to be finished by the spring semester. However, with all the other construction on campus, it may take even longer. Although students are upset with the change, they are most interested in what will take Chick-fil-A’s place.

Replacement discussions are still underway, but an organic sandwich shop called Valley Greens is one of the popular choices. It is well known for its freshly made sandwiches, soups and veggie cups. “I’m actually really excited for the change. Chick-fil-A isn’t that good anyway,” said Stephanie Barker, a junior public health major.

Many other students are upset about this decision, including sophomore biology major Rebecca Miller. “They can’t just close Chick-fil-A. I go there everyday during free hour,” said Miller. Some have alternative plans. “I’ll drive all the way to the Chick-fil-A in Arbutus if I have to,” said Adam Andrews, a senior biology major.

Once noon hits, it seems as though students from all areas of campus rush to the University Center for their Chick-fil-A fix. The line is always freakishly long and some of the students even sacrifice being 5 to 10 minutes late to their next class just to get their twelve count nuggets.

With Chick-fil-A gone, it is expected that the entire atmosphere of the campus will change. The withdrawal is the least of our worries. To prevent the shock of chicken sandwich deprivation, students should stock up on Chick-fil-A sauce or have the meal at least once a week.

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UMBC = U Might Become Crazy … Crazy successful that is.

This week, we decided to interview a local businessman and former UMBC Chess team All-american.  

TRW: What is your name, your major and your year?

RM: Name is Rikkki Malibu — that’s one I, three K’s. I majored in taxidermy. I graduated magnet clouda lordy, ‘82, and made two final four appearances in the Chess Championships.

TRW: Where are you from?

RM: Don’t know. I came to one day, buck-naked in a vat of mud behind a pig farm. At the time, I didn’t know they were pigs, and so I made them my family.

TRW: You were raised by pigs?

RM: I was raised by humans, but pigs are my family. My current lover is a pig.

TRW: I’m sorry?

RM: Yea, when I get off from the job, I always get a kick out of the look on my co-worker’s face when I say I’m going home to pork my lover. It just means I’m going home to give her a bath. (laughter) It’s funny ‘cuz they think I’m talkin’ bout goin to fu-

TRW: What did you like most about UMBC?

RM: I liked how y’all painted them stuffed dogs those wacky colors, and put ‘em up around campus. Really speaks to me. You know, if y’all need some more, I can cut you a deal on some fresh canine, already stuffed.

TRW: No, I think we are set. Do you still participate in activities in or around campus here?

RM: Well I’m usually busy with work, but when I get free time I try to make it to the chess team events. I also enjoy watching the kids play.

TRW: It’s funny you that describe them as kids, but I guess it has been a while since you’ve left. Which kids? The baseball kids? The soccer kids?

RM: Oh right right, the kids at the daycare center.

TRW: …

RM: …

TRW: What is your favorite genre of television?

RM: Infomercials. I always say “If I’m sitting, that don’t mean I can’t be learnin’.” I enjoy the ones where they take that orange and smash it and gets all the juices out. I could watch oranges being smashed for juice for days. I did one time. Two days. The only thing I think I can do better than stuff a squirrel is juice an orange.

TRW: Ok, um, what are your favorite things to do outside of UMBC?

RM: Well, like I said, work is life, so I’m always looking for a fresh stuff. Good thing the taxidermy business is a boomin’. I don’t think you understand, the market out here is crazy. People want their dogs, cats, goats, yaks, yik-yaks (laughter) – see, I’m still hip – llamas, goats and pigs all stuffed. I’ve put my hand up so much animal-

TRW: Isn’t that a conflict of interest? Stuffing pigs?

RM: No, in fact, it’s the opposite. If it’s dead, the only real way to honor it is to keep it around. I truly think this idea will soon make its way into the human mind. And I will be ready to corner that market. I’ve got a few bodies still in great condition that I’ve applied my craft to already if you’d like to see them.

TRW: No, Mr. Malibu. Do you have any other career goals or aspirations?

RM: Well I’ve also put my hand in the wholesales food business. I’ve got loads of all types of great meat that I don’t always get around to stuffing. I’ve got squirrels — so many squirrels thanks to you guys — I’ve got vulture, city rat, hamster, mouse … you name it, I’ve probably got it. Especially if “it” is domestic. In fact, after I get done here I’m going to make a delivery real close by to a regular customer of mine.

TRW: Where?

RM: True Grit’s.

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