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<NewsItem contentIssues="true" id="133208" important="false" status="posted" url="https://my3.my.umbc.edu/posts/133208">
<Title>Wednesday Wisdom Series</Title>
<Tagline>Summer 2023 Tuition and Fees</Tagline>
<Body>
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    <p><span>Dear Graduate Students and Graduate Assistants, </span></p>
    <p>The University System of Maryland Board of Regents has approved the Graduate Summer Tuition and Fees. Please make sure to share this update with your students, faculty, and staff. You can find the links provided below. </p>
    <ul>
    <li><span><a href="https://sbs.umbc.edu/summer-2023-tuition-and-fees/" rel="nofollow external" class="bo"><span>Summer 2023 Tuition and Fees</span></a></span></li>
    <li>Summer Registration Requirements and Options for Graduate Students: <a href="https://gradschool.umbc.edu/wp-content/uploads/sites/155/2023/05/Summer-2023-GA-FICA-5.2.2023-1.pdf" rel="nofollow external" class="bo"><span>Summer GA FICA</span></a>
    </li>
    </ul>
    <p>If there is anything specific you want GAAC to discuss / explain in our Wednesday Wisdom series, please reach out to us at <a href="https://my3.my.umbc.edu/groups/gaac/posts/131627/null" rel="nofollow external" class="bo">gaac@umbc.edu</a>.</p>
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<Summary>Dear Graduate Students and Graduate Assistants,   The University System of Maryland Board of Regents has approved the Graduate Summer Tuition and Fees. Please make sure to share this update with...</Summary>
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<Group token="gaac">Graduate Assistant Advisory Council </Group>
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<NewsItem contentIssues="true" id="133108" important="false" status="posted" url="https://my3.my.umbc.edu/posts/133108">
<Title>May is Mental Health Awareness Month</Title>
<Tagline>What is Self-Harm and How Can You Prevent it?</Tagline>
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    <em>Trigger Warning: Thig blog post contains references to themes of self harm and suicide which some individuals may find distressing.</em><div><br></div>
    <div>UMBC is dedicated to providing students with mental health knowledge, support, and resources. During Mental Health Awareness Month, we want to raise awareness of important and serious topics that can impact members of our community.</div>
    <div><br></div>
    <div>A recent study found that almost 17% of people will engage in self-harm in their lifetime. It is important to know what self-harm is in order to help those who might struggle with it. Keep reading to learn more about self-harm and prevention strategies that you can use to help yourself or those around you.</div>
    <div><br></div>
    <div>
    <div><strong>What Counts as Self-Harm?</strong></div>
    <div>Self-injurious behavior, more commonly referred to as self-harm or self-injury, <a href="https://www.crisistextline.org/topics/self-harm/#what-is-self-harm-1" rel="nofollow external" class="bo">is defined as</a> the act of intentionally hurting oneself. Self harm is not suicide because the intent is different. Oftentimes, when people self-harm, they have no intention of ending their life.</div>
    <div><br></div>
    <div>
    <div>
    <strong>Why Do People Self-Harm?</strong> </div>
    <div>There is no singular reason to explain <a href="https://www.crisistextline.org/topics/self-harm/#why-do-people-self-harm-5" rel="nofollow external" class="bo">why people engage in self-harm</a>. Some people may engage in self-harm as a form of distraction from a negative emotion or experience. Others may use self-harm as a way to express their emotions or to replace the feeling of numbness. Additionally, people may engage in self-harm as a form of punishment or as a way to feel a sense of control over their lives. <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34119893/" rel="nofollow external" class="bo">Risk factors</a> for self harm include trauma, bullying, poor family and peer relationships, and a history of mental illness. </div>
    <div><br></div>
    <div><strong>How to Prevent Self-Harm</strong></div>
    <div><ul>
    <li>Find positive coping mechanisms to incorporate into your daily life</li>
    <li>Connect with a therapist to heal from long term issues and trauma</li>
    <li>Surround yourself with people that care about you and spend time connecting positively with them</li>
    <li>Avoid or remove triggers. A trained counselor can help you figure out your triggers</li>
    </ul></div>
    </div>
    <div>
    <div><strong>How to Get Help in the Moment</strong></div>
    <div>If you feel the urge to self-harm, consider one of these activities instead:</div>
    <div>
    <ul>
    <li>Talk to a close friend, family member, or a trained counselor via <a href="https://my3.my.umbc.edu/groups/healthed/posts/129923" rel="nofollow external" class="bo">988</a>. </li>
    <li>Express your emotions through art or distract yourself through music. </li>
    <li>If you are feeling overwhelmed, try a <a href="https://www2.winona.edu/resilience/media/grounding-worksheet.pdf" rel="nofollow external" class="bo">grounding technique</a>. For example, a breathing exercise, or try to find an object in your environment for every color of the rainbow.</li>
    </ul>
    <div><em>Interested in helping a friend? Check out this article from the <a href="https://jedfoundation.org/resource/how-to-cope-with-non-suicidal-self-injury/" rel="nofollow external" class="bo">JED Foundation</a></em></div>
    </div>
    <div><br></div>
    <div><div>
    <div><strong>Resources</strong></div>
    <div><ul>
    <li>If you or a friend are experiencing an urge to engage in self-harm, you can call or text <a rel="nofollow external" class="bo">988</a> to speak with a trained counselor. </li>
    <li>Consider scheduling a counseling appointment by visiting the Center for Well-Being, or call <a href="https://health.umbc.edu/counseling-services/counseling/" rel="nofollow external" class="bo">Retriever Integrated Health</a> at 410-455-2542.</li>
    <li>Check out these free <a href="https://health.umbc.edu/counseling-services/resources/online-resources/" rel="nofollow external" class="bo">mental health resources</a> available to you.</li>
    <li>Read more from the <a href="https://jedfoundation.org/resource/how-to-cope-with-non-suicidal-self-injury/" rel="nofollow external" class="bo">JED Foundation</a>
    </li>
    </ul></div>
    </div></div>
    </div>
    <div>
    <div>Written by peer health educators Emma Snyder and Emma Golus</div>
    <div><br></div>
    <div>Interested in becoming a Peer Health Educator? Applications are open. Learn more by visiting, <a href="https://healthpromotion.umbc.edu/peer-health-educators/" rel="nofollow external" class="bo">https://healthpromotion.umbc.edu/peer-health-educators/</a>
    </div>
    </div>
    </div>
    <div><br></div>
    </div>
]]>
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<Summary>Trigger Warning: Thig blog post contains references to themes of self harm and suicide which some individuals may find distressing.    UMBC is dedicated to providing students with mental health...</Summary>
<Website>https://healthpromotion.umbc.edu/events/</Website>
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<Sponsor>Office of Health Promotion</Sponsor>
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<NewsItem contentIssues="true" id="133205" important="false" status="posted" url="https://my3.my.umbc.edu/posts/133205">
<Title>Student Profile: Ajel Balan</Title>
<Tagline>Ajel talks about his passion for MCS and his internship</Tagline>
<Body>
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    <span><p><span>By: Spencer Derrenberger</span></p>
    <br><p><span>Photo Credit: Ajel Balan</span></p>
    <br></span><div><span><p><span>Senior MCS major Ajel Balan has been at UMBC since 2019 and is expecting to graduate in Spring 2023. Initially, Ajel started out with a different major, but later switched to Media and Communication Studies. </span></p>
    <br><p><span>Recently, we sat down and talked with him about his MCS experience at UMBC, as well as his internship with the National STEM Honor Society (NSTEM).</span></p>
    <br><p><span>The interview has been edited for brevity and clarity.</span></p>
    <br><p><span>Q: So, why did you switch majors and choose MCS?</span></p>
    <br><p><span>Surprisingly, I think I have an interesting story to tell. When I started at UMBC, I was actually a computer science major. I thought, oh man, coding stuff would be so cool, it’d be great. But then, after a while, I realized that this isn’t what I want to do for the rest of my life. And I remember looking back at some of my old hobbies, when I would make YouTube videos, edit them, and just fiddle around with digital media stuff. And so, I decided to choose MCS in order to try to learn some skills, get some understanding about it, and, hopefully, maybe, do something with social media. </span></p>
    <br><p><span>Q: Looking back, as you’re a senior now, do you have any sort of pivotal moments that made you think, “Oh, this is why I do MCS” or just any favorite moments in your student career?</span></p>
    <br><p><span>Actually, I would say taking MCS 370 (Making a Media Campaign). Working on a media campaign has definitely made me realize that this is something I probably want to do for the rest of my life. It’s very interesting. I’ve come to really enjoy video editing and I want to focus more on it. I have a passion for it, really. Using Adobe Premiere Pro has been exciting, too. </span></p>
    <br><p><span>There was also Professor Anchor’s Making Visual Culture (MCS 377) and Dr. Snyder’s Social Media: Networking and Mobility (MCS 355). Those were really cool classes. I really just enjoy editing. </span></p>
    <br><p><span>Q: Do you have any plans of what you want to do career wise after graduation?</span></p>
    <br><p><span>Probably somewhere along the lines of like, something to do with social media. I would say maybe being editor, social media specialist, communication specialist– any of those roles. Again, since I only switched majors recently– I could have graduated as a comp sci major– I have had a lot spinning in my head. With MCS, you can go down a broad range of different careers and paths, which makes trying to focus on just one really hard. There are a lot of options.</span></p>
    <br><p><span>Q: What about your internship? What’s that like?</span></p>
    <br><p><span>I’m currently doing a remote internship with the National STEM Honor Society. Basically, they try to encourage students from K to 12 to pursue STEM and STEM careers. And they have all sorts of special little, I believe, exciting programs that will help them get into practicing it, you know, with rewarding them as well.</span></p>
    <br><p><span>Q: What’s your role as an intern?</span></p>
    <br><p><span>I work for the social media marketing department. I also work in another department about chapter development, where it’s basically doing research on schools and which schools would benefit the most from STEM opportunities. </span></p>
    <br><p><span>Q: What skills have you learned from this position?</span></p>
    <br><p><span>For the social media marketing department, I would definitely say getting a good understanding about making the posts and crafting them using stuff like Canva and, slowly, I want to try to upgrade and start using Premiere Pro as well. </span></p>
    <br><p><span>In addition to that, I would say working with Excel for chapter development and working with a team. While I am still an intern and just doing basic stuff, it’s been really interesting to research. My role is to research the percentages of schools that are doing well in STEM. With this, hopefully we can give students, as well as teachers, recognition for their work.</span></p>
    <br><p><span>Q: How has your experience at UMBC as an MCS student helped you during your internship? </span></p>
    <br><p><span>I would say that, for starters, overall, when it comes to presenting my ideas and stuff, I believe it has definitely helped me a lot. In the past, presentations have been nightmarish, but it’s helped me. It’s helped me understand how media works, as well. I remember, as a kid, I actually didn’t really care about social media, but as I grew older, I’ve come to really enjoy it. It was kind of bizarre. </span></p>
    <br><p><span>Also, it’s helped me with some skills, like editing and all that.</span></p>
    <br><p><span>Q: Do you think you’d recommend this internship to other people? If so, what kind of person would you recommend this for?</span></p>
    <br><p><span>When it comes to this internship, I'd recommend it. My experience personally has been a bit interesting, given that there's been a lot of changes going on. And I know that NSTEM is definitely looking for more and more interns. They’re looking for people into video editing and HR, too. </span></p>
    <br><p><span>But yeah, if you want to do an internship, where you're overall free to make your own path alongside what else you want to do, or maybe even be a director and help lead a project, then I certainly recommend them for all of that. They ask you what three departments you’re interested in. Then, you can pick and choose which one you want to focus on. And from then on, you can just go crazy.</span></p>
    <div><span><br></span></div></span></div>
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]]>
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<Summary>By: Spencer Derrenberger   Photo Credit: Ajel Balan    Senior MCS major Ajel Balan has been at UMBC since 2019 and is expecting to graduate in Spring 2023. Initially, Ajel started out with a...</Summary>
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<NewsItem contentIssues="false" id="133207" important="true" status="posted" url="https://my3.my.umbc.edu/posts/133207">
<Title>QPOC Spring 2023 E-Board Application</Title>
<Tagline>Join our E-Board!</Tagline>
<Body>
<![CDATA[
    <div class="html-content">Hello everyone! <div><br></div>
    <div>Our E-Board application form is live! From now until midnight May 5th, we invite you to apply for the positions of president, vice-president, treasurer, secretary, social media manager, graphic designer, or event coordinator.</div>
    <div><br></div>
    <div>
    <div>All position descriptions are included in the form!</div>
    <div><br></div>
    <div>Link below: </div>
    <div><a href="https://forms.gle/6EwvBfxhxRpXNfr2A" rel="nofollow external" class="bo">https://forms.gle/6EwvBfxhxRpXNfr2A</a></div>
    <div><br></div>
    </div>
    <div>Thank you for your interest, and please reach out if you have questions!</div>
    </div>
]]>
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<Summary>Hello everyone!     Our E-Board application form is live! From now until midnight May 5th, we invite you to apply for the positions of president, vice-president, treasurer, secretary, social media...</Summary>
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<PostedAt>Wed, 03 May 2023 13:48:27 -0400</PostedAt>
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<NewsItem contentIssues="false" id="133206" important="true" status="posted" url="https://my3.my.umbc.edu/posts/133206">
<Title>Summer Session II, ECON 410 Topics in Financial Economics</Title>
<Tagline>Course is closed with a waitlist, but seats might be added</Tagline>
<Body>
<![CDATA[
    <div class="html-content">
    <div><strong>If you are interested in this course but have not registered because it is closed, add yourself to the waitlist. If the waitlist fills (10), the course size can be increased for those on the list.</strong></div>
    <div><strong><br></strong></div>
    <div><strong>Also, if you do not have the ECON 374 prereq, Professor Lamdin can override this for students who have completed ECON 312 with "B or better" if the course size is increased.</strong></div>
    <div><strong><br></strong></div>
    <div><br></div>
    <div>
    <div><h3><br></h3></div>
    <div><p>Crises, Bubbles and Fraud</p></div>
    <div><p>Description:</p></div>
    <div><p>Study of a particular topic in financial economics. Topics will be published in the Schedule of Classes. This course is repeatable for credit with different topic. Students may complete a maximum of 6 credits.</p></div>
    <div><p>Enrollment Requirements:</p></div>
    <div><p>Prerequisite: ECON 374 with a grade of 'C' or better.</p></div>
    <div><p>Class Notes:</p></div>
    <div>
    <div>Students of economics and finance should be aware of crises, bubbles, and frauds. Readings, documentaries, videos, and data will be used to examine examples of these phenomena. Examples likely to be examined include Enron and Ponzi schemes (fraud), tech stocks of the 1990s, meme stocks, housing, cryptocurrencies (bubbles), and the 1930s Great Depression, the 2008-2009 Financial Crisis, and Covid-19 (crises). </div>
    <div><br></div>
    <div>This course is entirely online with an asynchronous format. There are no synchronous meetings. Students will independently engage with the assigned material and submit weekly quizzes and assignments with specified deadlines.
    
    Contact Professor Lamdin at <a href="mailto:lamdin@umbc.edu">lamdin@umbc.edu</a> for a previous course syllabus and any questions.</div>
    </div>
    </div>
    </div>
]]>
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<Summary>If you are interested in this course but have not registered because it is closed, add yourself to the waitlist. If the waitlist fills (10), the course size can be increased for those on the list....</Summary>
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<NewsItem contentIssues="false" id="133203" important="false" status="posted" url="https://my3.my.umbc.edu/posts/133203">
<Title>Welcome The New ISSA Officers!</Title>
<Tagline>Congratulations!</Tagline>
<Body>
<![CDATA[
    <div class="html-content">The results in the Election concluded:<div><br></div>
    <div>
    <strong>President</strong>: Wardan Kazzalbach</div>
    <div>
    <strong>Executive Vice President</strong>: Eyob Befikadu</div>
    <div>
    <strong>Treasurer</strong>: Zainab Seriki</div>
    <div>
    <strong>VP of Operations</strong>: Shajan Hamza</div>
    <div><div>
    <strong>VP of Communications</strong>: Sriram Batchu</div></div>
    <div>
    <strong>Secretary</strong>: Ouwen Dai</div>
    <div><br></div>
    <div>Thank you to all that participated in the elections and congratulations to the new officers!</div>
    </div>
]]>
</Body>
<Summary>The results in the Election concluded:    President: Wardan Kazzalbach  Executive Vice President: Eyob Befikadu  Treasurer: Zainab Seriki  VP of Operations: Shajan Hamza   VP of...</Summary>
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<NewsItem contentIssues="false" id="133202" important="false" status="posted" url="https://my3.my.umbc.edu/posts/133202">
<Title>One bedroom of a Two bedrooms apartment Catonsville</Title>
<Tagline>One Private Bedroom in Very Clean and Convenient Apartment</Tagline>
<Body>
<![CDATA[
    <div class="html-content">There is a one bedroom of a two bedrooms apartment at Catonsville, White Oaks Apartments. You will share a bathroom, living room, kitchen with one other person. Utilities are not included and you must pay monthly around 100$ for utilities. Rent is 745$. If you want to concentrate on your exams and projects, here is what you are looking for. Walking distance to Shatel station, Safeway, Marshalls, Sam's Club, Lowe's Home, Restaurants, and etc.<div>If you are interested in, comment your email address.<br><div>No pet, No drug, No smoke, No party.</div>
    </div>
    </div>
]]>
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<Summary>There is a one bedroom of a two bedrooms apartment at Catonsville, White Oaks Apartments. You will share a bathroom, living room, kitchen with one other person. Utilities are not included and you...</Summary>
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<PostedAt>Wed, 03 May 2023 12:17:14 -0400</PostedAt>
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<NewsItem contentIssues="false" id="133200" important="false" status="posted" url="https://my3.my.umbc.edu/posts/133200">
<Title>Discovering a passion for lab research to tackle unanswered questions</Title>
<Body>
<![CDATA[
    <div class="html-content">
    <img width="150" height="150" src="https://umbc.edu/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/Elijah-Mugabe-Class-of23-2217-resized-150x150.jpg" alt="Student poses in front of buildings and trees" style="max-width: 100%; height: auto;">
    <h3><strong>Elijah Mugabe</strong></h3>
    
    
    
    <p><strong>Degree</strong>: B.S., Chemistry<br><strong>Hometown</strong>: Greenbelt, MD<br><strong>Post-grad plans</strong>: Ph.D., Pharmacology, Cornell University</p>
    
    
    
    <p>Amongst the beakers, test tubes, and chemicals in a laboratory prep room of the Meyerhoff Chemistry Building <strong>Elijah Mugabe</strong> found friends, and a calling. A <a href="https://meyerhoff.umbc.edu/" rel="nofollow external" class="bo">Meyerhoff Scholar</a>, Mugabe worked as a lab assistant his sophomore year and enjoyed the behind-the-scenes view of research that it offered. The next year, he joined the lab of <a href="https://chemistry.umbc.edu/faculty/songon-an/" rel="nofollow external" class="bo"><strong>Songon An</strong></a>, associate professor of chemistry and biochemistry, embarking on research into how metabolic enzymes organize themselves in cells, and how disease affects that organization. The experience opened his eyes to the range of unanswered questions scientists are exploring. </p>
    
    
    
    <p>Mugabe’s academic achievements have been recognized with the Faculty Award for Excellence in Chemistry from the department of chemistry and biochemistry, among other honors. Away from the lab, Mugabe formed connections with the broader UMBC community. He volunteered with <a href="https://retrieveressentials.umbc.edu/why-we-exist/mission/" rel="nofollow external" class="bo">Retriever Essentials</a>, an organization committed to tackling food insecurity. “It was a gratifying and enjoyable experience seeing the group’s impact and having a better understanding of our community,” he says.</p>
    
    
    
    <img src="https://umbc.edu/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/Elijah-Mugabe-in-lab-768x1024.jpg" alt="Student wearing protective glasses and gloves works with chemicals under a fume hood." width="768" height="1024" style="max-width: 100%; height: auto;">Mugabe works in the lab on a project for one of his chemistry classes. (Image courtesy of Elijah Mugabe.)
    
    
    
    <h4><strong>Has there been a mentor or fellow student who influenced your time at UMBC?</strong></h4>
    
    
    
    <p>“<strong>Karis Barnett</strong> graduated from here a few years ago, and she was a chemistry major like me and my personal peer advisor. She helped me a lot when it came to picking classes, helping me with assignments, and just being a good person to talk to when I wanted an ear from someone. She made my time at UMBC smoother than it would’ve been without her, and I am still in contact with her to this day. ”</p>
    
    
    
    <h4><strong>What has been the best part of your UMBC experience?</strong></h4>
    
    
    
    <p>“The best part of my UMBC experience would have to be being a part of the Meyerhoff Scholars Program, specifically in cohort M31. Knowing people who are <a href="https://theconversation.com/heres-how-to-increase-diversity-in-stem-at-the-college-level-and-beyond-115781" rel="nofollow external" class="bo">working towards similar goals</a> pushed me to be better academically, and as a person.”</p>
    </div>
]]>
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<Summary>Elijah Mugabe      Degree: B.S., Chemistry Hometown: Greenbelt, MD Post-grad plans: Ph.D., Pharmacology, Cornell University      Amongst the beakers, test tubes, and chemicals in a laboratory prep...</Summary>
<Website>https://umbc.edu/stories/discovering-a-passion-for-lab-research/</Website>
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<PostedAt>Wed, 03 May 2023 12:00:06 -0400</PostedAt>
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<NewsItem contentIssues="false" id="133201" important="false" status="posted" url="https://my3.my.umbc.edu/posts/133201">
<Title>Support network helps an international student with a passion for computing find her career path</Title>
<Body>
<![CDATA[
    <div class="html-content">
    <img width="150" height="150" src="https://umbc.edu/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/Shaniah-Reece-Class-of23-2301-Resized-1-150x150.jpg" alt="Smiling student stands in front of buildings and trees." style="max-width: 100%; height: auto;">
    <h3><strong>Shaniah Reece</strong></h3>
    
    
    
    <p><strong>Degree</strong>: B.S., Information Systems<br><strong>Hometown</strong>: Beltsville, MD and Georgetown, Guyana<br><strong>Post-grad plans</strong>: Ph.D. in Computer Science, Emory University</p>
    
    
    
    <p>When <strong>Shaniah Reece</strong> came to UMBC as a first-generation college student from Guyana, she already had a passion for technology, but she was worried about finding the right path and uncertain how to navigate the college experience. Tapping into a support network in the UMBC community, she skillfully navigated her doubts while excelling in academics, research, and community leadership.</p>
    
    
    
    <p>A <a href="https://cwit.umbc.edu/cwitscholars/" rel="nofollow external" class="bo">CWIT scholar</a>, Reece has served in numerous leadership roles on the CWIT student council. She has also served as a lead resident assistant in on-campus housing and volunteered with organizations such as <a href="https://retrieveressentials.umbc.edu/" rel="nofollow external" class="bo">Retriever Essentials</a>, which tackles food insecurity in the UMBC community, and <a href="https://www.buildingsteps.org/" rel="nofollow external" class="bo">Building Steps</a>, which partners with Baltimore schools to equip promising students with the tools to pursue STEM careers. </p>
    
    
    
    <p>As Reece discovered a passion and aptitude for research, the <a href="https://mcnair.umbc.edu/" rel="nofollow external" class="bo">McNair Scholars program</a> and numerous mentors helped her navigate a successful path to graduate school. She enjoyed the opportunity to work with <a href="https://umbc.edu/stories/umbcs-james-foulds-receives-nsf-career-award-to-improve-the-fairness-robustness-of-ai/" rel="nofollow external" class="bo"><strong>James Foulds</strong></a>, assistant professor of information systems, on improving the fairness of artificial intelligence systems and <a href="https://youtu.be/sFDN4peruBU" rel="nofollow external" class="bo">recently described to TV viewers</a> how biases from the human world find their way into AI, with harmful effects.</p>
    
    
    
    <p>Having found a career path that fits her values, Reece is more than prepared for the journey ahead.</p>
    
    
    
    <img width="1000" height="790" src="https://umbc.edu/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/CWIT-Scholars-cropped.jpg" alt="5 people -- a peer support network -- pose for camera. 3 stand in the middle, 2 are seated on either side. They all wear conference nametags." style="max-width: 100%; height: auto;">Reece and other CWIT scholars and students at the Grace Hopper Conference in Florida 2022. (Image courtesy of Shaniah Reece.)
    
    
    
    <h4><strong>Has there been a mentor or fellow student who influenced your time at UMBC?</strong></h4>
    
    
    
    <p>“Dr. <strong><a href="https://me.umbc.edu/dr-maria-sanchez/" rel="nofollow external" class="bo">Maria Sanchez</a></strong> has been a mentor who has had a significant impact on my growth. Despite the numerous times I’ve experienced self-doubt, she consistently provided me with the support and encouragement I needed to realize my potential. As someone who shares a similar background, Dr. Sanchez has been a source of inspiration and motivation for me to overcome any challenges that come my way.”</p>
    
    
    
    <h4><strong>What has been the best part of your UMBC experience?</strong></h4>
    
    
    
    <p>“Without a doubt, the most rewarding aspect of my time at UMBC has been the sense of community I have experienced here. Since my freshman year I have been consistently surrounded by a diverse and supportive group of individuals who were committed to helping me achieve my goals. UMBC has been more than just an institution for higher learning to me. It has been a place where I have been able to thrive and show the world a version of me that I am proud of.”</p>
    
    
    
    <img src="https://umbc.edu/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/Screenshot_20211004-062945_Instagram-Shaniah-Reece.jpg" alt="Group of students pose with mascot dog." width="625" height="568" style="max-width: 100%; height: auto;">Reece and fellow students pose with mascot True Grit at the UMBC Bonfire in 2022. (Image courtesy of Shaniah Reece.)</div>
]]>
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<Summary>Shaniah Reece      Degree: B.S., Information Systems Hometown: Beltsville, MD and Georgetown, Guyana Post-grad plans: Ph.D. in Computer Science, Emory University      When Shaniah Reece came to...</Summary>
<Website>https://umbc.edu/stories/support-network-helps-international-student/</Website>
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<NewsItem contentIssues="false" id="133199" important="false" status="posted" url="https://my3.my.umbc.edu/posts/133199">
<Title>How do Candida auris and other fungi develop drug resistance? A microbiologist explains</Title>
<Body>
<![CDATA[
    <div class="html-content">
    <img width="150" height="150" src="https://umbc.edu/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/4961822699_04524e880e_k-150x150.jpg" alt="microscope image of rod-shaped dark puple cells on a cyan-streaked background" style="max-width: 100%; height: auto;">
    <p><em>Written by <a href="https://theconversation.com/profiles/jeffrey-gardner-334999" rel="nofollow external" class="bo">Jeffrey Gardner</a>, associate professor of <a href="http://biology.umbc.edu" rel="nofollow external" class="bo">biological sciences</a>, UMBC</em></p>
    
    
    
    <p>One of the scariest things you can be told when at a doctor’s office is “You have an antimicrobial-resistant infection.” That means the bacteria or fungus making you sick can’t be easily killed with common antibiotics or antifungals, making treatment more challenging. You might have to take a combination of drugs for weeks to overcome the infection, which could result in more severe side effects.</p>
    
    
    
    <p>Unfortunately, this diagnosis is <a href="https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/9789240062702" rel="nofollow external" class="bo">becoming more common around the world</a>.</p>
    
    
    
    <p>The yeast <em><a href="https://doi.org/10.1128/jcm.01588-17" rel="nofollow external" class="bo">Candida auris</a></em> has recently emerged as a potentially dangerous fungal infection for hospital patients and nursing home residents. First <a href="https://doi.org/10.3947%2Fic.2022.0008" rel="nofollow external" class="bo">discovered in the late 2000s</a>, <em>Candida auris</em> has very quickly become a <a href="https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms9040807" rel="nofollow external" class="bo">major health challenge</a> due to its ease of spread and ability to resist common antifungal drugs.</p>
    
    
    
    <p>How did this fungus become so strong, and what can researchers and physicians do to combat it?</p>
    
    
    
    <p><a href="https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=U69z9VsAAAAJ&amp;hl=en&amp;oi=ao" rel="nofollow external" class="bo">I am a microbiologist</a> researching new ways to kill fungi. <em>Candida auris</em> and other fungi use three common cellular tricks to overcome treatments. Luckily, exciting new research hints at ways we can still fight this fungus. </p>
    
    
    
    <div>
    <div><div class="embed-container"><iframe src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/VOn5Udfx7eQ?feature=oembed" frameborder="0" webkitallowfullscreen="webkitAllowFullScreen" mozallowfullscreen="mozallowfullscreen" allowfullscreen="allowFullScreen">[Video]</iframe></div></div>
    </div>Drug-resistant <em>Candida auris</em> infections are on the rise in the U.S. and around the world.
    
    
    
    <h4>Targeting the sensitive parts of fungal cells</h4>
    
    
    
    <p>Fungal cells contain a structure called a <a href="https://doi.org/10.1128/microbiolspec.funk-0035-2016" rel="nofollow external" class="bo">cell wall</a> that helps maintain their shape and protects them from the environment. Fungal cell walls are constructed in part from several different types of polysaccharides, which are long strings of sugar molecules linked together.</p>
    
    
    
    <p>Two polysaccharides found in almost all fungal cell walls are <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mib.2010.05.002" rel="nofollow external" class="bo">chitin</a> and <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tcsw.2019.100022" rel="nofollow external" class="bo">beta-glucan</a>. The fungal cell wall is an attractive target for drugs because human cells do not have a cell wall, so drugs that block chitin and beta-glucan production will have fewer side effects.</p>
    
    
    
    <p>Some of the most common drugs used to treat fungal infections are called <a href="https://doi.org/10.4103%2F0253-7613.62396" rel="nofollow external" class="bo">echinocandins</a>. These drugs stop fungal cells from making beta-glucan, which significantly weakens their cell wall. This means the fungal cell can’t maintain its shape well. While the fungus is struggling to grow or is breaking apart, your immune system has a much better chance of fighting off the infection.</p>
    
    
    
    <h4>How fungi become drug resistant</h4>
    
    
    
    <p>Unfortunately, some strains of <em>Candida auris</em> are resistant to echinocandin treatment. But how does the fungus actually do it? For decades, scientists have been studying how fungi overcome drugs designed to weaken or kill them. In the case of echinocandins, <em>Candida auris</em> commonly uses three tricks to beat these treatments: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1128/AAC.00238-18" rel="nofollow external" class="bo">hide</a>, <a href="https://doi.org/10.1101%2Fcshperspect.a019752" rel="nofollow external" class="bo">build</a> and <a href="https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2019.02573" rel="nofollow external" class="bo">change</a>.</p>
    
    
    
    <p>The first trick is to hide in a complex mixture of sugars, proteins, DNA and cells <a href="https://doi.org/10.1128/msphere.00458-19" rel="nofollow external" class="bo">called a biofilm</a>. Made with irregular 3D structures, biofilms have lots of places for cells to hide. Drugs aren’t good at penetrating biofilms, so they can’t access and kill cells deep inside. Biofilms are especially problematic when they <a href="https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics4010001" rel="nofollow external" class="bo">grow on</a> <a href="https://doi.org/10.2147/ijn.s353071" rel="nofollow external" class="bo">medical equipment</a> like ventilators or catheters. Once free of a biofilm, cells that have gained the ability to resist the drugs a patient was taking become more dangerous.</p>
    
    
    
    <a href="https://images.theconversation.com/files/523471/original/file-20230428-26-n4nxfs.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=1000&amp;fit=clip" rel="nofollow external" class="bo"><img src="https://images.theconversation.com/files/523471/original/file-20230428-26-n4nxfs.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=754&amp;fit=clip" alt="Microscopy image of two types of Candida attaching to each other" style="max-width: 100%; height: auto;"></a>This image shows <em>Candida albicans</em> (red) producing branching filaments that allow it to attach to <em>Candida glabrata</em> (green), forming biofilms. Both of these species can cause infections in people. <a href="https://flic.kr/p/HE7JbY" rel="nofollow external" class="bo">Edgerton Lab, State University of New York at Buffalo/Flickr</a>, <a href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/" rel="nofollow external" class="bo">CC BY-NC</a>
    
    
    
    <p>The second trick fungi use to evade treatment is to build cell walls differently. Fungal cells treated with echinocandins can’t make beta-glucan. So instead, they start to <a href="https://doi.org/10.3109/13693786.2011.577104" rel="nofollow external" class="bo">make more chitin</a>, another important polysaccharide in the fungal cell wall. Echinocandins are unable to stop chitin production, so the fungus is still able to build a strong cell wall and avoid being killed. While there are some drugs that can <a href="https://doi.org/10.3390/jof6040261" rel="nofollow external" class="bo">stop chitin production</a>, none are currently approved for use in people.</p>
    
    
    
    <p>The third trick fungi rely on is to <a href="https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2019.02788" rel="nofollow external" class="bo">change the shape of the</a> <a href="https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/civ791" rel="nofollow external" class="bo">beta-glucan production enzyme</a> so echinocandins cannot block it. These mutations allow beta-glucan production to continue even in the presence of the drug. It is not surprising that <em>Candida</em> uses this trick to resist antifungal drugs since it is <a href="https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fnyas.12831" rel="nofollow external" class="bo">very effective</a> at keeping the cells alive.</p>
    
    
    
    <h4>New tactics to fight fungi</h4>
    
    
    
    <p>What can be done to treat echinocandin-resistant fungal infections? Thankfully, scientists and physicians are researching new ways to kill <em>Candida auris</em> and similar fungi.</p>
    
    
    
    <p>The first approach is to find new drugs. For example, there are two drugs in development, <a href="https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics9050227" rel="nofollow external" class="bo">rezafungin</a> and <a href="https://doi.org/10.4155%2Ffmc-2018-0465" rel="nofollow external" class="bo">ibrexafungerp</a>, that appear to be able to stop beta-glucan production even in fungi resistant to echinocandins.</p>
    
    
    
    <a href="https://images.theconversation.com/files/523474/original/file-20230428-14-z7579n.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=1000&amp;fit=clip" rel="nofollow external" class="bo"><img src="https://images.theconversation.com/files/523474/original/file-20230428-14-z7579n.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=754&amp;fit=clip" alt="Microscopy image of budding yeast cells" style="max-width: 100%; height: auto;"></a>This microscopy image shows budding yeast cells. <a href="https://www.gettyimages.com/detail/photo/budding-yeast-cell-in-gram-stain-royalty-free-image/1464904014" rel="nofollow external" class="bo">toeytoey2530/iStock via Getty Images Plus</a>
    
    
    
    <p>A complementary approach my research group is exploring is whether a class of enzymes called <a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s11274-016-2068-6" rel="nofollow external" class="bo">glycoside hydrolases</a> might also be able to combat drug-resistant fungi. Some of these enzymes actively destroy the fungal cell wall, breaking apart both beta-glucan and chitin at the same time, which could potentially help prevent fungi from surviving on medical equipment or on hospital surfaces.</p>
    
    
    
    <p>My lab’s work on discovering enzymes that strongly degrade fungal cell walls is part of a new strategy to combat antifungal resistance that uses a combination of approaches to kill fungi. But the end goal of this research is the same: having a physician tell you, “You’ve got a fungal infection, but we have a good treatment for it now.”</p>
    
    
    
    <hr>
    
    
    
    <p>This article is republished from <a href="https://theconversation.com" rel="nofollow external" class="bo"><em>The Conversation</em></a> under a Creative Commons license. Read the <a href="https://theconversation.com/how-do-candida-auris-and-other-fungi-develop-drug-resistance-a-microbiologist-explains-203495" rel="nofollow external" class="bo">original article</a> and see <a href="https://theconversation.com/institutions/university-of-maryland-baltimore-county-1667" rel="nofollow external" class="bo">more than 250 UMBC articles</a> available in <em>The Conversation</em>.</p>
    </div>
]]>
</Body>
<Summary>Written by Jeffrey Gardner, associate professor of biological sciences, UMBC      One of the scariest things you can be told when at a doctor’s office is “You have an antimicrobial-resistant...</Summary>
<Website>https://umbc.edu/stories/fighting-drug-resistance-in-candida-auris/</Website>
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